VanMoof Error Codes


VanMoof S3 & X3 Error Codes

A clear repair-oriented list of VanMoof S3 and X3 error codes, what they mean, and which parts should be checked first.

Important: an error code does not always identify the broken part. It usually tells you which system is complaining. The real cause can be the part itself, a connector, the wiring harness, the smart cartridge, firmware, or the battery/BMS.

Quick diagnosis map

0–15Main battery / BMS protection 16–21Battery, charging, fuse or communication 22–39Cartridge, firmware, sensors or programming 40–42Bell, boost button or kicklock 43–44E-shifter / gear system 45–53Motor, controller or power delivery 54–60SIM / connectivity / factory state

Most common real-world faults

These are the errors most often seen during S3/X3 repairs.

16 / 17 / 19 / 20 / 21Main battery, BMS, fuse, charging pathCheck battery voltage, BMS wake-up, fuse, battery-to-cartridge connection, socket and wiring loom.
40 / 41Handlebar buttonsCheck bell button, boost button, water ingress, crushed cable and shorted button wiring.
42KicklockCheck kicklock coil, kicklock cable, socket and loom connection.
43 / 44E-shifter and rear hubCheck e-shifter plug, e-shifter PCB, actuator, rear hub stiffness and socket/loom.
45 / 48Motor communication or speed signalCheck motor cable, motor connector, socket, speed pulse line and cartridge motor-control section.
54–58SIM / GSM modemCheck SIM holder, SIM contacts, modem startup and cartridge communication.

Complete S3/X3 error code list

Open each section for the full list of meanings and likely causes.

0–15Main battery and BMS protectionShort circuit, voltage, current and temperature protection events.
0Battery short-circuit protectionBMS protection

BMS detected a short. Check battery output, BMS, battery socket, wiring loom and damaged high-current lines.

1Battery MOSFET over-temperatureBMS protection

Power MOSFETs overheated. Possible heavy load, poor contact, BMS damage or internal battery fault.

2Pre-discharge short-circuit protectionBMS protection

Short detected before the battery enables output. Check cartridge socket, battery output, motor controller path and loom.

3Pre-discharge over-current protectionBMS protection

Too much current during pre-discharge. Suspect downstream short, cartridge fault, motor controller fault or BMS problem.

4Battery undervoltage level 2Battery voltage

Battery is very low or deeply discharged. Charge and test cell groups. If it returns, inspect BMS and cell balance.

5Battery undervoltage level 1Battery voltage

Battery voltage low or weak pack. Check long storage discharge, cell imbalance and BMS status.

6Battery overvoltage level 2Battery voltage

Battery voltage too high. Check charger, BMS, cell balance and charging behaviour.

7Battery overvoltage level 1Battery voltage

Battery voltage higher than expected. Check charger, BMS measurement and cell groups.

8Charge over-current level 1Charging

Too much current while charging. Check charger, charge port and BMS charge path.

9Charge over-current level 2Charging

Severe charge over-current event. Stop charging until charger and BMS are checked.

10Discharge over-current level 2Battery output

Too much current while riding. Check motor, controller, phase lines, loom and BMS.

11Discharge over-current level 1Battery output

Battery output current too high. Check load, motor controller, wiring and BMS.

12Charging too coldBattery temperature

Battery temperature is below safe charging range. Let the bike warm slowly to room temperature.

13Charging too hotBattery temperature

Battery too hot to charge. Let it cool. If persistent, check temperature sensor and BMS.

14Discharging too coldBattery temperature

Battery too cold to deliver power. Warm the bike slowly before use.

15Discharging too hotBattery temperature

Battery too hot under use. Let it cool. If repeated, check BMS, cells and load current.

16–21Battery, charging and communicationThe most common serious S3/X3 battery-related errors.
16Battery defect or permanent battery faultBattery

Often BMS fault, blown fuse, battery not waking, damaged battery connector or socket/loom problem.

17Battery not delivering powerBattery output

Battery output not enabled. Check BMS, fuse, battery-to-cartridge connection, battery socket and high-current output.

18Battery cannot turn on / battery missingBattery detection

Battery not recognized or not waking. Check BMS wake-up, signal wires, connector seating and socket.

19Battery communication errorBattery communication

Communication between battery and cartridge failed. Check battery data lines, connector, loom/socket and BMS.

20Battery shutdown / no battery outputBattery shutdown

Battery suddenly shuts down or gives no output. Check fuse, BMS, cells, battery socket and cartridge connection.

21Charger not recognized / no charge currentCharging

Bike sees charging state but current does not flow. Check charger, charge port, charge path, battery BMS and charge fuse.

22–39Cartridge, firmware and internal electronicsSmart cartridge communication, update, flash and internal sensor errors.
22Motor communication chip issueCartridge

Communication problem inside the cartridge or motor-control path. Check cartridge, firmware and motor-controller communication.

23Bluetooth chip communication issueCartridge BLE

Cartridge cannot communicate with the Bluetooth module. Check BLE section, cartridge firmware and internal communication.

24Firmware update abortedFirmware

Update stopped before completion. Retry with stable phone connection and charged bike.

25Firmware CRC errorFirmware

Update file failed verification. Retry update. If persistent, cartridge recovery may be needed.

26Firmware transfer timeoutFirmware

Update transfer took too long. Retry near the bike with stable phone and battery power.

27Invalid or missing update packageFirmware

Firmware package problem. Retry the update or recover cartridge firmware.

28Flash programming timeoutProgramming

Cartridge flash write process timed out. Possible firmware or memory issue.

29Flash header not foundProgramming

Firmware header missing or corrupted. Cartridge firmware recovery may be required.

30No files in firmware packageProgramming

Invalid or empty update package.

31Flash erase failedProgramming

Cartridge memory erase failed. Possible flash memory or programming fault.

32Flash write failedProgramming

Cartridge memory write failed. Possible flash memory, firmware or programming fault.

33File CRC errorProgramming

Firmware file failed checksum verification.

34Motor firmware programming failedProgramming

Motor-controller firmware programming failed. Retry firmware recovery or diagnose cartridge.

35Battery firmware programming failedProgramming

Battery/BMS firmware programming failed. Check battery communication and firmware state.

36Shifter firmware programming failedProgramming

E-shifter firmware programming failed. Check e-shifter connection and firmware state.

37Bluetooth firmware programming failedProgramming

BLE firmware programming failed. Check cartridge BLE section and firmware recovery.

38Internal cartridge battery read errorCartridge battery

Cartridge cannot read its internal battery or fuel gauge. Check internal LiPo, charge path and cartridge electronics.

39Light sensor read errorSensor

Cartridge cannot read the light sensor. Possible sensor, I2C or cartridge fault.

40–42Buttons and kicklockBell button, boost button and kicklock coil detection.
40Bell button stuck or held too longButton

Bell button stuck, pressed too often, water ingress, crushed cable or shorted button wire.

41Boost button stuck or held too longButton

Boost button stuck, water ingress, damaged button, shorted cable or handlebar wiring issue.

42Kicklock coil missingKicklock

Kicklock coil not detected. Check kicklock cable, coil, connector, socket and wiring loom.

43–44E-shifter and rear hubGear selection failures and e-shifter communication faults.
43Shifter cannot reach target gearShifting

E-shifter tried repeatedly but did not reach the requested gear. Check e-shifter actuator, rear hub stiffness, hub adjustment and mechanical resistance.

44E-shifter communication errorE-shifter

E-shifter not recognized or not communicating. Check the e-shifter plug first, then e-shifter PCB, cable, socket, loom and cartridge connection.

45–53Motor, motor cable and motor controllerMotor communication, speed pulse, current, voltage and temperature faults.
45Motor communication error / motor cable not recognizedMotor

Motor cable disconnected, damaged connector, socket fault, wiring loom issue or cartridge motor-control communication problem.

46Motor over-current or over-temperatureMotor

Motor/controller overloaded or overheated. Check motor cable, phase wiring, wheel resistance, motor controller and overheating history.

47Motor driver errorMotor driver

Motor driver fault. Check cartridge motor driver, phase outputs, motor wiring and controller electronics.

48Motor speed pulse / controller interpretation errorMotor speed signal

Controller cannot interpret motor speed pulses. Check motor speed-sensor line, motor cable, connector, socket and cartridge motor-control section.

49Motor current measurement errorMotor controller

Current measurement out of expected range. Check motor controller sensing circuit and cartridge electronics.

50Motor voltage measurement errorMotor controller

Voltage measurement out of expected range. Check Vbat sensing, controller electronics and battery feed to cartridge.

51Motor deratingMotor temperature

Motor power reduced because of heat or protection logic. Let it cool. Check repeated high load, drag or controller heating.

52Torque sensor failureSensor

Torque sensor fault detected. Check torque-sensor bottom bracket configuration, sensor wiring and controller interpretation.

53Motor not readyMotor controller

Motor/controller not ready during startup or test. Check firmware state, motor communication, wiring and cartridge motor-control section.

54–60SIM, GSM modem and factory stateConnectivity-related errors and factory firmware mode.
54No SIM card detectedSIM

Internal SIM missing or not detected. Check SIM holder, SIM contacts and cartridge SIM path.

55SIM-related issue / I2C bus problemSIM

Grouped as a SIM issue. Some repair lists associate it with an I2C bus failure. Check cartridge communication and SIM/modem path.

56SIM issue / SIM CCID mismatchSIM

Wrong SIM, invalid SIM, SIM identity mismatch, poor SIM contact or cartridge SIM read problem.

57SIM detected but no communicationSIM communication

SIM is present but cannot communicate. Check SIM contacts, SIM holder, modem interface and cartridge electronics.

58GSM modem startup failedGSM modem

GSM modem failed to start. Try reset first. If persistent, check modem section, SIM path and cartridge electronics.

59Undocumented / not reliably confirmedUnknown

No reliable public listing found. Do not diagnose from this code alone. Read logs and check surrounding symptoms.

60Factory firmware or factory modeFirmware state

Cartridge appears to be in factory firmware/state. Usually firmware/configuration related, not a normal riding error.

Error codes are symptoms

A VanMoof error code helps identify the area of the fault, but it is not always the root cause. Battery, cartridge, wiring, motor and sensor faults can trigger similar symptoms.

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VanMoof S1, S2 & X2 Error Codes

A practical repair-oriented list for the earlier Smart and Electrified models. S1 and S2 use similar error-code logic, so they can be grouped together for practical diagnosis.

Note: S2/X2 has the clearest public error-code list. S1 can show similar codes, especially battery and motor-related errors, but public S1 documentation is less complete. Use symptoms and physical diagnosis before replacing parts.

Quick diagnosis map

1 / 5 / 6Motor load, stall, over-current or controller drive issue 2 / 3Battery voltage too high or too low 7 / 8Torque sensor or torque startup value abnormal 9Temperature protection 16Motor hall / speed signal mismatch 25Display I2C communication problem 26 / 28GSM module or network registration problem 27 / 29Controller communication or battery output problem

Complete S1/S2/X2 error code list

This list combines official S2/X2 meanings with practical repair interpretation for S1/S2/X2 diagnosis.

1–9Motor, voltage, torque sensor and temperatureDrive system and sensor errors on the earlier VanMoof platform.
1Motor stalledMotor

Motor is blocked, overloaded, or not rotating as expected. Check front wheel rotation, motor cable, phase wires, motor connector and controller.

2Over voltageBattery voltage

Voltage too high. Check battery/BMS voltage, charger, voltage measurement and controller input.

3Low voltageBattery voltage

Battery voltage too low. Check battery charge, weak pack, deep discharge, BMS output and battery connection.

5Motor is driving hardMotor load

Motor demand or load is abnormal. Check dragging wheel, motor cable, phase wires, controller and mechanical resistance.

6Over currentCurrent

Too much current. Check phase wire short, damaged motor cable, controller fault, overloaded motor and bad connector.

7Torque value is abnormalTorque sensor

Pedal/torque input reading is abnormal. Check bottom bracket torque sensor, sensor wiring and controller reading.

8Torque initial is abnormalTorque startup

Torque sensor startup value is wrong. Check torque sensor zeroing, bottom bracket sensor, wiring and controller.

9Over temperatureTemperature

System temperature too high. Let it cool. If repeated, check controller, motor load, sensor reading and heat damage.

16Motor hall / speed signal mismatchOne of the most common practical S2/X2 errors.
16Hall arrangement mismatchMotor signal

The controller is not receiving the correct motor sensor information from the front wheel. Check front motor connector, motor cable, hall/sensor wires, speed signal, cartridge socket and controller.

25–29Display, GSM, controller communication and battery outputCommunication and battery-output errors on S1/S2/X2.
25I2C bus error displayDisplay

Display communication error. Check display/handlebar electronics, wiring, cartridge/controller communication path and internal connectors.

26GSM UART communication timeoutGSM

GSM module is not communicating. Check GSM module, SIM/modem section, cartridge communication and internal electronics.

27Controller UART communication timeoutController

The cartridge/module is not communicating correctly with the controller. Check reset, controller communication lines, cartridge socket, battery-cartridge connection and controller.

28GSM module registration failGSM registration

GSM cannot register on the network. Check SIM, GSM modem, antenna path, network registration and cartridge modem section.

29Battery has no output when module is onBattery output

The module is awake but the main battery does not deliver usable output. Check battery voltage, BMS wake/output, battery connector, battery communication, cells and cartridge socket.

Most important repair interpretation

These are the errors that matter most in real repairs.

16
Motor / front wheel cable faultUsually no correct motor sensor information from the front wheel. Check the front motor cable, connector, hall/speed signal and cartridge socket before blaming the motor.
27
Controller communication timeoutTreat this as a communication-path error. Check reset, battery-cartridge connection, controller communication lines, cartridge socket and controller.
29
Battery output / BMS faultThe module is awake but the battery does not supply usable output. Check battery voltage, BMS wake, cell groups, battery communication and connector condition.

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